Product overview

• NameDNQX disodium salt
• Short descriptionSelective, competitive AMPA / kainate receptor antagonist. Sodium salt.
• Biological descriptionSelective and competitive AMPA and kainate receptor antagonist. Sodium salt. Also acts as partial AMPA agonist in the presence of γ2 transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARP) subunit. A neuroleptic agent that displays pro-oxidant activity.
• Biological actionAntagonist
• Purity>98%
• Our products in actionSubmit Your Citation Now

Images

Properties

• Chemical name6,7-Dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione disodium salt
• Molecular Weight296.1
• Chemical structure
• Molecular FormulaC₈H₂N₄Na₂O₆
• CAS Number1312992-24-7
• PubChem identifier45073428
• SMILESC1=C2C(=CC(=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])N=C(C(=N2)[O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
• SourceSynthetic
• InChiInChI=1S/C8H4N4O6.2Na/c13-7-8(14)10-4-2-6(12(17)18)5(11(15)16)1-3(4)9-7;;/h1-2H,(H,9,13)(H,10,14);;/q;2*+1/p-2
• InChiKeyGPSBSOYURFUVKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
• AppearanceBrown solid

Applications

• Application notes

  DNQX disodium salt antagonizes the actions of glutamate at AMPA receptors. It is commonly used to reduce excitatory post synaptic currents (EPSC) and is commonly used at 10 μM. DNQX disodium salt from Hello Bio completely blocks both spontaneous and evoked EPSCs at 10 μM, with concentrations of 1 μM also effective (see Fig 1 above).

  #Protocol 1: Evoked and spontaneous excitatory post synaptic currents (EPSCs)

  • Whole cell voltage clamp recordings were obtained from layer V neurons of the mouse prelimbic cortex brain slice.
  • EPSCs were evoked via a stimulating electrode placed in layers II/III delivering a single square (150 μs) pulse every 10 sec at an intensity that gave a reliable EPSC.
  • Neurons were held at -70 to -60 mV (the reversal potential of GABA currents). EPSCs were continuously stimulated and recorded in response to 5 min applications of varying concentrations of DNQX disodium salt until complete receptor inhibition.
  • Spontaneous EPSCs were recorded before and after addition of DNQX disodium salt by holding the neuron at -70 mV and recording for 10 sec.
  • Recordings for EPSCs were made in the absence of GABA_A-R antagonists.

Storing and Using Your Product

• Storage instructionsRoom temperature (desiccate)
• Solubility overviewSoluble in water (100mM)
• ImportantThis product is for RESEARCH USE ONLY and is not intended for therapeutic or diagnostic use. Not for human or veterinary use.

References for DNQX disodium salt

• Redox properties and prooxidant cytotoxicity of a neuroleptic agent 6,7-dinitrodihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX).

  Šarlauskas J et al (2013)Acta Biochim Pol 60(2) : 227-31. PubMedID: 23757451

• TARP auxiliary subunits switch AMPA receptor antagonists into partial agonists.

  Menuz K et al (2007)Science 318(5851) : 815-7. PubMedID: 17975069

• Selective excitatory actions of DNQX and CNQX in rat thalamic neurons.

  Lee SH et al (2010)J Neurophysiol 103(4) : 1728-34. PubMedID: 20107128

• Pharmacological characterization of glutamatergic agonists and antagonists at recombinant human homomeric and heteromeric kainate receptors in vitro.

  Alt et al (2004)Neuropharmacology 46(6) : 793-806 PubMedID: 15033339