
Productoverview
- NameTetrodotoxincitrate
- ShortdescriptionPotent,selective,use-dependentNa+channelblocker.CitrateSalt.
- BIOLOGicaldescription
- AlternativenamesTTX;TTXcitrate
- BiologicalactionBlocker
- Purity>99%
- SpecialrequirementsAsthisproductisatoxin,customersarerequiredtocompleteashortenduserdeclarationwhenordering.Ourcustomercareteamwillbehappytohelpyouwiththis.
- Customercomments
Tetrodotoxincitrate fromHelloBioworkedperfectlyasexpectedandblockedactionpotentialfiringatconcentrationsof100nMandabove.IwouldrecommendtheuseofTetrodotoxincitratefromHelloBioforuseinelectrophysiologyrecordings.MattUdakis,PhDstudent,UniversityofBath,UK
HelloBioproduceveryhighqualityTTXcitrate,whichfullyblocksNaVchannelsandprovidesgoodvalueformoney.Verifiedcustomer,TheUniversityofEdinburgh
JustwashedtheTetrodotoxincitrate(TTX)onanditworksasexpected(itinhibitsthefibrevolleyat1μM).Verifiedcustomer,TheUniversityofBristol
- Ourproductsinaction2citationsSubmitYourCitationNow
Images
Properties
- ChemicalnameOctahydro-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2-imino-5,9:7,10a-dimethano-10aH-[1,3]dioxocino[6,5-d]pyrimidine-4,7,10,11,12-pentolcitrate
- MolecularWeight319.27
- Chemicalstructure
- MolecularFormulaC11H17N3O8
- CASNumber18660-81-6
- PubChemidentifier54592378
- SMILESC(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O.C([C@@]1([C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@H](N=C(N[C@]34[C@@H]([C@H]1O[C@]([C@H]4O)(O2)O)O)N)O)O)O
- SourceExtractedfromfugu
- InChiInChI=1S/C11H17N3O8.C6H8O7/c12-8-13-6(17)2-4-9(19,1-15)5-3(16)10(2,14-8)7(18)11(20,21-4)22-5;7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10/h4-7,15-20H,1H2,(H3,12,13,14);13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6-,7+,9+,10+,11+;/m1./s1
- InChiKeyYUJWMDOXROTQCW-WNGAXIQVSA-N
- AppearanceWhitesolid
Applications
- Applicationnotes
Tetrodotoxiniscommonlyusedinelectrophysiologytoblockexcitabilitybyinhibitingactionpotentialfiringwithinneurons.Itiscommonlyappliedatconcentrationsof1μM.TetrodotoxinfromHelloBioworksasexpectedandblocksactionpotentialfiringatconcentrationsof100nMandabove(seeFig1and2above).
#Protocol1:EffectofTTXcitrateonactionpotentialsinmousecorticalneurons
- WholecellvoltageclamprecordingswereobtainedfromlayerVpyramidalneuronsofthemouseprelimbiccortexbrainslice.
- Neuronswereheldattherestingmembranepotential(~-70mV)andinjectedwitha500pA300mscurrentsteptoinduceactionpotentialfiring.
- TTXwasbathappliedfor10minfirstat100nMthen300nM,1μMand2μM.Aftereachdrugapplicationacurrentstepwasrecordedtoassessactionpotentialblockade.
#Protocol2:EffectofTTXcitrateonEPSPsandactionpotentialfiringinmousecorticalneurons
- WholecellvoltageclamprecordingswereobtainedfromlayerVpyramidalneuronsofthemouseprelimbiccortexbrainslice.
- Neuronswereheldattherestingmembranepotential(~-70mV)andEPSPwereevokedbyplacingastimulatingelectrodeclosetotherecordedtheneuroninlayerII/III.
- EPSPsandactionpotentialswereevokedbysinglesquare(150μs)pulseevery10secwithanintensitythatproducedbothanEPSPandactionpotential.
- TTXwasbathappliedfor10minfirstat100nMthen300nM,1μMand2μMwhistcontinuallyevokingandrecordingEPSP/A.Ps.
StoringandUsingYourProduct
- Storageinstructions-20°C(desiccate)
- SolubilityoverviewSolubleinwater(1mg/ml)
- ImportantThisproductisforRESEARCHUSEONLYandisnotintendedfortherapeuticordiagnosticuse.Notforhumanorveterinaryuse.
ReferencesforTetrodotoxincitrate
Theprotectiveactionoftetrodotoxinand(+/-)-kavainonanaerobicglycolysis,ATPcontentandintracellularNa+andCa2+ofanoxicbrainvesicles.
GleitzJetal(1996)Neuropharmacology35(12):1743-52.PubMedID:9076753AntagoNISTiceffectsoftetrodotoxinonaconitine-inducedcardiactoxicity.
OnoTetal(2013)JNipponMedSch80(5):350-61.PubMedID:24189353Tetrodotoxin:chemistry,toxicity,source,distributionanddetection.
BaneVetal(2014)Toxins(Basel)6(2):693-755.PubMedID:24566728Tetrodotoxinformoderatetoseverecancerpain:arandomized,doubleblind,paralleldesignmulticenterstudy.
HagenNAetal(2008)JPainSymptomManage35(4):420-9.PubMedID:18243639