Product overview

• Name
  Clozapine N-oxide (CNO) (water soluble)
• Short description
  Water soluble prototypical DREADD activator. Clozapine metabolite.
• Biological description

  Clozapine N-oxide (CNO) is the prototypical chemical actuator for G_q- DREADDs. It is a metabolite of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine.

  
  ‘Excitatory’ G_q- coupled) DREADDs:

  CNO activates the excitatory G_q- coupled DREADDs: hM3Dq, hM1Dq and hM5Dq.

  The hM3Dq DREADD is typically used for enhancing neuronal firing and activating (G_q- signaling in neuronal and non-neuronal cells.

  ‘Inhibitory’ (G_i- coupled) DREADDs:

  CNO also activates the inhibitory hM4Di and hM2Di G_i-coupled DREADDs.

  The hM4Di DREADD is the most commonly used inhibitory DREADD and is used for neuronal silencing.

  Gs and β-arrestin coupled DREADDs:

  CNO also activates the G_s- coupled DREADD (GsD) and the β-arrestin preferring DREADD: rM3Darr (Rq(R165L).

  
  CNO can be administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), subcutaneously, directly infused intracranially, via drinking water or osmotic mini-pump. See our Technical review (table 3) for example administration methods and doses.

  
  Recent findings suggest that systemically administered CNO does not readily cross the blood-brain-barrier in vivo, and converts to clozapine which activates DREADDs. Care must be taken in experimental design and proper controls should be incorporated.

• Alternative names
  CNO
• Biological action
  Activator
• Purity
  >98%
• Customer comments

  Your technical review on CNO stability, solubility and use in the lab has been really helpful to my group. Verified customer

  The Clozapine N-oxide (CNO) worked perfectly! It dissolved completely in saline at the dose I am using so no problems there! Verified customer, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia

  The clozapine N-oxide dissolves perfectly in saline, even at a high dose! Verified customer, Radboud University

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Properties

• Chemical name
  8-Chloro-11-(4-methyl-4-oxido-1-pip erazinyl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine
• Molecular Weight
  342.82
• Chemical structure
  
• Molecular Formula
  C₁₈H₁₉ClN₄O
• CAS Number
  34233-69-7
• PubChem identifier
  2819
• SMILES
  C[N+]1(CCN(CC1)C2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC4=C(N2)C=C(C=C4)Cl)[O-]
• Source
  Synthetic
• InChi
  InChI=1S/C18H19ClN4O/c1-23(24)10-8-22(9-11-23)18-14-4-2-3-5-15(14)20-16-7-6-13(19)12-17(16)21-18/h4-7,12,21H,8-11H2,1H3
• InChiKey
  WYRDWWAASBTJLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• MDL number
  MFCD00210190
• Appearance
  Yellow solid

Applications

• Application notes

  
  Non-CNO DREADD activators

  • Compound 21 (DREADD agonist 21) hydrochloride has minimal off-target activity and is not metabolized to clozapine. The freebase Compound 21 (DREADD agonist 21) is also available.
  • The potent and selective hM3Dq DREADD agonist Perlapine hydrochloride (water soluble) and Perlapine are also available.
  • Salvinorin B (SALB) Salvinorin B (SALB) which potently activates the inhibitory KORD DREADD to induce neuronal inhibition is also available.

Storing and Using Your Product

• Storage instructions
  Room temperature (desiccate)
• Solubility overview
  Soluble in water (100mM)
• Handling

  During solubility testing, precipitation was found to occur in some concentrated (100mM) samples.

  We therefore recommend making up solutions and using on same day if possible. Making and handling of solutions should be conducted in a dust free environment and ensure that product and solvents are at ambient temperature before use. Please take care to ensure that your product is completely dissolved before use. For more information, read our review Clozapine N-Oxide (water soluble) - a technical review on stability, solubility and use in the lab. It includes data on solubility, storage and handling, including results from our in-house tests, and guidelines on use in the lab, in vivo and in vitro.

• Important
  This product is for RESEARCH USE ONLY and is not intended for therapeutic or diagnostic use. Not for human or veterinary use.